Japanese visual culture from the end of the sixteenth century to the contemporary period encompassing the country's unification under Tokugawa rule and later emergence on the world stage through painting, sculpture, architecture, ceramics, decorative arts, photography, and print media. The relationship between artistic production and Japanese sociopolitical development seen through the critical issues of religion, region, gender, class, and nationalism. Ethical questions surrounding the establishment of the Japanese colonial empire in Asia, the Pacific War, the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the internment of Japanese-Americans in the United States, and the American Occupation of Japan.